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วันพุธที่ 13 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2556
Subject and Predicate Exercise Page 93
A. Circle the complete subject and underline the complete predicate in each sentence.
1. John and I went for a walk in the evening.
2. This is where I come to buy groceries.
3. Hundreds of people visit the museum every week.
4. The moon is the earth's natural satellite.
5. Mrs. Banks took her nephew to the zoo yesterday.
6. The liver is the largest internal organ in the body.
7. All the students were eagerly waiting for the art class.
8. Our dog Peppy is very playful.
9. Video games and online games are very popular with adult and children alike.
10. Birds that live in cold places migrate to warmer regions in winter.
11. Almost everyone agreed with each other.
12. The cruel king was hated by all his subjects.
13. The entire town was destroyed by the earthquake.
14. The newly-wed couple bought a house in the city.
15. A loud noise woke me up in the middle of the night.
16. Mother and father along with my brother have gone out.
17. How the people crowd the station.
18. Can you tell me the name of the girl?
19. Take this message to the central office.
key
1. John and I went for a walk in the evening.
2. This is where I come to buy groceries.
3. Hundreds of people visit the museum every week.
4. The moon is the earth's natural satellite.
5. Mrs. Banks took her nephew to the zoo yesterday.
6. The liver is the largest internal organ in the body.
7. All the students were eagerly waiting for the art class.
8. Our dog Peppy is very playful.
9. Video games and online games are very popular with adult and children alike.
10. Birds that live in cold places migrate to warmer regions in winter.
11. Almost everyone agreed with each other.
12. The cruel king was hated by all his subjects.
13. The entire town was destroyed by the earthquake.
14. The newly-wed couple bought a house in the city.
15. A loud noise woke me up in the middle of the night.
16. Mother and father along with my brother have gone out.
17. How the people crowd the station.
18. Can you tell me the name of the girl?
19. Take this message to the central office.
Verbs Exercise. Page 108
C. Cross out [x] the wrong verb forms in the boxes and complete the paragraph
I 1 [has/had] a very good time during
the holidays. We
2 [spend/spent] two weeks
with Aunt Susan’s family. My cousins and I 3 [went/go] to the beach
every evening. We 4 [built/build] sand castle 5 [swam/swim]
in the water. The huge waves 6 [splash/splashed] all over us and we 7
[are/were] completely wet in no time. We 8 [bring/brought] home
sea-shells and colorful pebbles. Uncle Tom 9 [take/took] to the zoo
on one of the days. He 10 [showed/show] us all the animals in their
enclosures and 11 [explain/explained] about them in detail. We all
loved feeding the elephants. It 12 [was/be] the most enjoyable time
of the holidays.
key
C. Cross out [x] the wrong verb forms in the boxes and
complete the paragraph
I 1 [has/had] a very good time during the holidays. We
2 [spend/spent] two weeks with Aunt Susan’s
family. My cousins and I 3 [went/go] to the beach every evening. We 4
[built/build] sand castle 5 [swam/swim] in the water. The huge waves 6 [splash/splashed] all over us and
we 7 [are/were] completely
wet in no time. We 8 [bring/brought] home sea-shells and colorful
pebbles. Uncle Tom 9 [take/took] to the zoo on one of the days. He 10 [showed/show]
us all the animals in their enclosures and 11 [explain/explained] about them in
detail. We all loved feeding the elephants. It 12 [was/be] the most enjoyable
time of the holidays.
วันจันทร์ที่ 11 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2556
Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject - Verb Agreement
Although you are probably already familiar with basic subject-verb agreement, this chapter begins with a quick review of basic agreement rules.
Subjects and verbs must AGREE with one another in number (singular or plural). Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.
In the present tense, nouns and verbs form plurals in opposite ways: nouns ADD an s to the singular form; verbs REMOVE the s from the singular form.
These agreement rules do not apply to verbs used in the simple past tense without any helping verbs.
The agreement rules do, however, apply to the following helping verbs when they are used with a main verb: is-are, was-were, has-have, does-do.
The agreement rules do not apply to has-have when used as the SECOND helping verb in a pair.
They do NOT apply to any other helping verbs, such as can, could, shall, should, may, might, will, would, must.
The subject-verb agreement rules apply to all personal pronouns except I and you, which, although SINGULAR, require PLURAL forms of verbs.
Active and Passive
Active Form
In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Examples:
Passive Form
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
Examples:
Click Picture for reading
Tenses
What is Tenses?
| tense (noun): a form of a verb used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action in relation to the time of speaking. (From Latin tempus = time). |
So, we talk about time in English with tenses. But, and this is a very big but:
- we can also talk about time without using tenses (for example, going to is a special construction to talk about the future, it is not a tense)
- one tense does not always talk about one time (see Tense & Time for more about this)
Verb
What is a Verb?
The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence.In each of the following sentences, the verb or compound verb is highlighted:
- Dracula bites his victims on the neck.
- In early October, Giselle will plant twenty tulip bulbs.
- My first teacher was Miss Crawford, but I remember the janitor Mr. Weatherbee more vividly.
- Karl Creelman bicycled around the world in 1899, but his diaries and his bicycle were destroyed.
Noun
What is a Noun?
A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. Nouns are usually the first words which small children learn. The highlighted words in the following sentences are all nouns:- Late last year our neighbours bought a goat.
- Portia White was an opera singer.
- The bus inspector looked at all the passengers' passes.
- According to Plutarch, the library at Alexandria was destroyed in 48 B.C.
- Philosophy is of little comfort to the starving.
Indirect Object
Indirect Object
An indirect object precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done and who is receiving the direct object. There must be a direct object to have an indirect object. Indirect objects are usually found with verbs of giving or communicating like give, bring, tell, show, take, or offer. An indirect object is always a noun or pronoun which is not part of a prepositional phrase.
Example: She gave me the report.
(Who received the report? Me.)
INDIRECT OBECTS
| ||||
 | ||||
We will make
|
the man
|
an offer.
| ||
Get
|
yourself
|
a job.
| ||
The captain told
|
the people
|
the story.
| ||
You won't grant
|
the soldier
|
immunity.
| ||
You gave
|
me
|
some water.
| ||
When will she teach
|
the young students
|
the lesson for today?
| ||
I will offer
|
the nurses
|
better pay.
| ||
It is better to serve
|
the old lady
|
her dinner now.
| ||
The cook baked
|
the children
|
some cookies.
| ||
Buy
|
the family
|
a new car.
| ||
Could you show
|
Cindy
|
the pavilion?
| ||
Pitch
|
him
|
a curve-ball.
| ||
He usually picked
|
me
|
a winner.
| ||
I will build
|
the students
|
a new bookstore.
|
Direct Object
Direct Object
A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb or shows the result of the action. It answers the question "What?" or "Whom?" after an action verb. An action verb with a direct object is called a transitive verb. The direct objects on this page are italicized.
Notice each question being answered: "Receives what?" "The action"; "Shows what?" "The question"; etc.
Recognize a direct object when you see one.
Direct objects are nouns, pronouns, phrases, and clauses that follow transitive verbs [a type of action verb]. If you can identify the subject and verb in a sentence, then finding the direct object--if one exists--is easy.
.
Just remember this simple formula:
Subject + verb + what? [sometimes who?] = the direct object
Here are examples of the formula in action:
Zippy and Maurice played soccer in the backyard with grapefruit pulled from a tree.
Zippy, Maurice = subjects | played = verb | Zippy and Maurice played what? soccer = direct object
Zippy accidentally kicked Maurice in the shin.
Zippy = subject | kicked = verb | Zippy kicked who? Maurice = direct object
Don't use subject pronouns as direct objects.
The chart below shows the differences between subject and object pronouns. Because direct objects are objects, always use the objective form of the pronoun.
The Predicate
Every complete sentence has a predicate. So, if you want your sentences to be strong and complete, then it’s time for you to meet a very important member of The Completion Team, The Predicate.
The Predicate is the part of the sentence that does all the talking. As a member of the Completion Team (A.K.A. parts of a sentence), The Predicate does everything in her power to verbalize (express in words) a statement about The Subject. In fact, without this master of the verbal arts, your sentences would be speechless.
SUPER POWERS:
The Predicate has the power to verbalize a
statement about the subject of a sentence.
FINDING THE
PREDICATE:
To find the predicate, ask yourself: what
is the sentence verbalizing (expressing in words) about the subject?
SUPER EXAMPLES:
#1) The evil scientist invented a new weapon.
The predicate: invented a deadly weapon
#2) The cat burglar is stealing cats
What is this sentence verbalizing about the subject?
The predicate: is stealing cats
#3) The Mermaid swam to their rescue.
What is this sentence verbalizing about the subject?
The predicate: swam to their rescue.
The predicate: swam to their rescue.
#4) The robbers took everything.
What is this sentence verbalizing about the subject?
The predicate: took everything
The predicate: took everything
WEAKNESS:
The Predicate gets all her strength and
power from working together with her partner, The Subject. If The
Predicate is ever separated from The Subject, she becomes incomplete, and that
makes her weak. If this happens, watch out for an attack from that crumbly
villain, The
Fragment.
SUPER
TEAMWORK:
1) The
Completion Team: There are two members that belong to The Complete
Sentence Super-Team (A.K.A. parts of a sentence), and they are The Subject and The
Predicate. These two sentence superheroes always work together because they get
their strengths and powers from working with each
other.
2) The Predicate and The Verb: It’s important
to know that The Predicate of a sentence always includes a verb. Verbs are
always a part of the predicate because it’s the verb that empowers a predicate
to express action or state-of-being. Luckily, nobody can wrangle a verb better
than The Predicate!
The Subject
This
hero is an important part of the
CompletionTeam (A.K.A. parts of a sentence), because without The Subject,
our sentences would have nothing to talk about.
Every
sentence has a central focus, a main character, someone or
something that the sentence is talking about. It's a tough job, but our
hero, The Subject, loves to be the center of attention, and he uses all of his
powers to make sure that the sentence is always about
him.
SUPER
POWER:
The Subject has the power to be
someone or something that a sentence is talking
about.
FINDING THE
SUBJECT:
To find the subject of a sentence, ask
yourself: Who or What is the sentence talking
about?
The subject can take the form of:
The subject can take the form of:
- A
person
- A place
- A thing
SUPER
EXAMPLES:
#1) Mr. Muscles can bench-press a lot.
The
subject as a person: Mr. Muscles
#2) The capital
city is protected.
Who or What is protected?
The
subject as a place: The capital city
#3) The time
bomb is ticking.
Who or What is ticking?
The
subject as a thing (tangible/concrete): The time
bomb
#4) Greed is a
powerful force.
Who or What is a powerful force?
The subject as a thing
(abstact/intangible): Greed
WEAKNESS:
The Subject gets all his strength and power
from working together with his partner, The Predicate. If
The Subject is ever separated from The Predicate, he becomes incomplete, and
that makes him weak. If this happens, watch out for an attack from that crumbly
villain, The
Fragment.
SUPER TEAMWORK:
There are two members that belong to The
CompletionTeam (A.K.A. parts of a sentence), and they are The Subject and The Predicate.
These two sentence superheroes always work together because they get their
strengths and powers from working with each
other.
Subject and Predicate
Subject and Predicate
Every complete sentence contains two parts: a subject and a predicate. The subject is what(or whom) the sentence is about, while the predicate tells something about the subject. In the following sentences, the predicate is enclosed in braces ({}), while the subject is highlighted.
- Judy {runs}.
- Judy and her dog {run on the beach every morning}.
- The audience littered the theatre floor with torn wrappings and spilled popcorn.
Simple Subject and Simple Predicate
Every subject is built around one noun or pronoun (or more) that, when stripped of all the words that modify it, is known as the simple subject. Consider the following example:A piece of pepperoni pizza would satisfy his hunger.
Likewise, a predicate has at its centre a simple predicate, which is always the verb or verbs that link up with the subject. In the example we just considered, the simple predicate is "would satisfy" -- in other words, the verb of the sentence.
A sentence may have a compound subject -- a simple subject consisting of more than one noun or pronoun -- as in these examples:
Team pennants, rock posters and family photographs covered the boy's bedroom walls.
Her uncle and she walked slowly through the Inuit art gallery and admired the powerful sculptures exhibited there.
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