How to Use “Linking Words” to state Cause and Effect
Giving a reason (Cause)
Due to / due to the fact that
Owing to / owing to the fact that
Due to / due to the fact that
Owing to / owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Because of
Since
As
Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun.
"Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by 1.25%."
"Owing to the demand, we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks."
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject, verb and object), you must follow the words with the fact that.
"Due to the fact that oil prices have risen, the inflation rate has gone up by 1%25."
"Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike, the company has been unable to fulfil all its orders."
Because / because of
Because of is followed by a noun.
"Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed."
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. For example, "Because it was raining, the match was postponed."
"We believe in incentive schemes, because we want our employees to be more productive."
Since / as
Since and as mean because.
"Since the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."
"As the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."
Giving a result (Effect)
Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore, so, consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way.
"The company are expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, they are taking on extra staff."
So is more informal. Review of Cause and Effect Linking Words
Bbefore you go on to work on the grammar and writing exercises in this unit, read through this brief review of linking words and phrases for cause and effect.There are three main types of linking words: conjunctions, transitions, and prepositions:
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